Thursday, 13 October 2016

Heikal and “The Ugly American”, 1961




That was in February, 1961… meaning almost 55 years and 9 months ago… I thought it would be objective if I excerpted lengthy texts of what was written then… although I realize that history does not repeat itself, and that time is like rivers; you cannot use the same water twice because it runs continuously, the resemblance between the two eras is clear… I also believe that the learned lesson from this historical context is that the Americans do not learn or make use of their accumulated experiences… because until this very moment they are still asking us the same daft question; “why do you hate us?”... it seems they are bathing in a waterless river.

I read, maybe for the third time, texts of articles written by Mr. Muhammed Hassanien Heikal – may he rest in peace. I keep revising what he wrote and which was then related to the events, maybe due to my academic study of history and my profession as a journalist. I found an article titled “The Ugly American and the actual American policy as we saw it this week”. The article was written by Mr. Heikal on February 24th, 1961 and published in the second part of the series issued by Al Ahram centre for publication.

Heikal starts his article saying: “as if I am reading once again the story of “The Ugly American” that was the most popular publication in the last three years… the story was written by two American diplomats; William Lederer and Eugene Burdick, in which they depicted some features of the American policy in Asia and Africa… they expressed through the scenes and situations of their story that strange mix of “silliness” and “ribaldry” in this policy… these are not my words; it is what the two authors of the story said in narrating the experiences they lived serving in the American diplomacy”.

Heikal continues: “this week in Cairo – February 1961 – I felt, like I said before, as if I am rereading the story of The Ugly American… this time, it was not written on paper or portrayed in a play scene or over movie screen… actually, it was a living picture in reality that combines that strange mix in the American policy, like it was once illustrated in the novel; a mix of “silliness” and “ribaldry”… I do not like these descriptions implied by the two words, as they may indicate a sense of offence, but I have to stick to the credibility of translating from “The Ugly American”.

Afterwards, Heikal goes on in his article talking about a question directed by an American official to one of the Egyptian diplomats working in the embassy of the United Arab Republic – Egypt – in Washington at that time. The question was about Egypt voting for 15 times in the United Nations agreeing to the Soviet Union stances. Mr. Heikal mentioned some of the situations when that voting of same opinions took place, including: a motion for decolonization, voting over the membership of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations, a motion submitted by Ghana over the Congo crisis, voting over a complaint submitted by Cuba against the USA, a motion to release Lumumba and disarm Mobutu’s soldiers, voting over a motion to grant Algeria its independence, a motion to convict Belgium of its attack over Congo…etc.

Then, Mr. Heikal goes into narrating an experience he had when he found himself part of a discussion with a famous American journalist whom he met in Casablanca. The American journalist stirred many issues starting with Egypt being ungrateful to America’s favor of unveiling Israel’s attempt to obtain an atomic bomb. Mr. Heikal answered: “do you want to know the truth or you will get mad?”. The American answered: “I’m all ears”.

Heikal: “there was nothing secret to us regarding Israel nuclear activities… we were following its attempts… and I want you to know that Israel to us is a matter of life or death, and we are keeping our eyes open on it all the time… moreover, I can even tell you that we have photos and outlines in Cairo for that new atomic reactor Israel is trying to build in Naqab… as to the attack over you, there is a simple explanation for that; that is we believe, and this is actually the truth, that Israel capacity depends mainly on your generosity… without this generosity, Israel cannot survive”.

Heikal continues disclosing for the American journalist the secret lying behind America revealing the Israeli atomic activity, saying: “American secret services have arrested an American atomic energy scientist of Jewish origins while he was handing secret documents of the American atomic researches to one of the Israeli embassy men. This is the reason behind all this fuss and public declaration…”. Mr. Heikal continues: “surprisingly, two days ago – February, 1961 – I received a message sent to me from Washington from that American journalist containing only one sentence: “I’m not mad”.

Mr. Heikal ends his article – which he wrote 55 years ago – writing: “as if I was reading the novel of “The Ugly American” while I am listening to and keeping an eye on some conducts of the American embassy men in Cairo. One of them is a minister plenipotentiary named Francis Allan. He does not like this country; Egypt, or what is going on in it, and he does not keep his opinions for himself, actually, he goes saying them everywhere because he, according to his words, is an experienced expert of Egypt and Egyptians since he was working as an archeologist in Harvard University’ excavation trips near the pyramid in the pre-July 23rd revolution era in Egypt.

In his opinion, Egypt witnessed no revolution because the Egyptian peasant, according to his own estimation, does not repel, and that actually, he succumbs to his fate, accepts poverty and humiliation and does not seek to change his destiny, again, because he – the American diplomat – believes the Egyptian is dull and incapable of taking actions… and that all projects of industrialization in Egypt according to the American diplomat’s opinion are merely fancy dreams… even the High Dam is nothing but a modern-type pyramid built by the ruler to be a memorial to him… and that the Egyptian people love America and adore Britain but only their rulers are the ones opposing America and Britain’s policy due to feeling inferior to them… nothing more or less.

“No one would have blamed the American minister plenipotentiary Francis Allan if he wrote this opinion in his reports for the American government. In any case, what he writes or read by his government is incapable of changing history. However, he is definitely blamed for forgetting that he is in Cairo right now, thinking he is still lost among the excavations in the royal epoch, and not paying attention to the fact that time has changed”, Heikal wrote.

Mr. Heikal then writes about another American: “another one of them, the one who was caught distributing inciting leaflets early in the morning at the cornice. He found nothing to defend himself but to say that air blew and so the leaflets flew out of his car window to the street… also, the military attaché in the American embassy in Cairo who went talking in one of the parties this week – February, 1961 – about the protests that surrounded the embassy and kept shouting against the American policies that were involved in Patrice Lumumba’s death. The military attaché said that some of his men were equipped with Tommy Guns inside the embassy, and that orders for them to fire at the protesters were ready in case they stormed into the embassy. I do not know what would have happened if a single shot was fired from the American embassy. Most probably, the military attaché himself does not know what would have happened… these are live depiction of “The Ugly American” novel and true description of its characters… and then they become angry when we tell them this”.

Excerption from Mr. Heikal’s article ends… Now, we can only say, the more things change, the more they stay the same.

Translated into English by: Dalia Elnaggar


This article was published in Al Ahram newspaper on October 13, 2016.

To see the original article, go to:


#alahram #ahmed_elgammal #Egypt #usa #Heikal #american_policies #the_ugly_american

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