Thursday, 23 May 2019

Ramadan break



Ramadan is generous… of such generosity is the ample time to read, and to reread what one has already read before… it happened that due to my study circumstances in the history department, then post-graduate studies, and after this, working in the research centre for the middle east, then getting jailed, then my long travel; first to London, then to the UAE, not to mention that writing became my profession… all this helped me to stick to books all the time, and to reread the resources and reference books until my hand reached, I don’t know how many times, to the book “al-Mawa’az w al-‘atebar bezekr al-Khetat w al-Athar” known as Al-Maqrizi Plans authored by the great Taqi ad-Din Ahmed ibn Ali Al-Maqrizi…

It also happened that I came from my residence place in Tagamo’a to my office, I went through a new excellent road; the one paved between Al-Moshir Axis and the beginning of October bridge in Ramsis street penetrating – I think – what was known as the Red Mountain! Every fair unbiased person should be proud of such road as an achievement itself, also as a part of many roads, bridges, airports, ports and water canals that were once ideas for projects then turned into a living reality we witness to ease our life and save time, fuel, economy and nerves! I believe all those achievements deserve another article that talks of nothing else but them!

I kept thinking for hours about the Red Mountain and al-Mokattam, as the one passing in the very beautiful new road between New Cairo and Abassiya coming from Tagamo’a, will find al-Mokattam hills standing on his left side; above those heights reside what I think is called the earthquake housing units.

I was surprised when I stretched my hand to Al-Maqrizi Plans book; which was among a pile of books that I put aside for I may read them in Ramadan… I found a title called “The Red Mountain” in page 354 of the book published by Madbouli bookstore. Under this title, the great Al-Maqrizi said in his own words and information available at that time: “this mountain overlooks Cairo from the north east. It is known as al-Yahmoum[1]. Al-Qada’ai said that al-Yahameem[2] is the scattered mountains overlooking Cairo from the eastern and middle side. These mountains stretch until they reach some of the roads in the middle of the city. They were called al-Yahameem due their different colors. In Arabic, al-Yahmoum means the dark black.

Ibn Abdel-Hakam said, citing Saied ibn Ubaid, that when he came to Egypt, he found that the Egyptians made a praying area along Sakiet Abi ‘Awn that lies in al-‘Askar. He then said: why have they made their praying area in the cursed mountain, and left the sacred one (al-Mokattam he means)?

Ibn Abdel-Zaher said: The Red Mountain. Al-Qada’ai said that al-Yahmoum is the mountain overlooking Cairo, and I see no other mountain looking over Cairo but this one.

Al-Bakri said: al-Yahmoum. Al-Harbi said: al-Yahmoum is a mountain in Egypt. Abu Qubail said, citing Abdullah ibn Amr: that he asked Ka’ab about al-Mokattam: is it cursed? Ka’ab replied: No, it is not, but it is sacred from al-Qusair to al-Yahmoum.

Al-Bakri also mentioned that: it is a mountain in Egypt before al-Mokattam.

And so we can see that the Red Mountain was cursed by the ancestors while al-Mokattam was sacred. This point needs more elaboration by the great al-Maqrizi in his own words and information available at that time (born about 1364 and died 1442 A.D.). After he mentioned that the whole of Egypt’s land lies between two mountains; and one of them is greater than the other. The greatest is the eastern mountain known as Luka Mountain, and the western; a small mountain – meaning of low height – with some of it not connected, and that Luka Mountain in the east blocks as-Saba winds from coming to Egypt.

After he mentioned this, he came to mention al-Mokattam Mountain. That is sacred in our documented heritage. Here one can find extensive information that cannot prove correct after the scientific, geographic and geological evidences. For example, he said that al-Mokattam Mountain starts from the east in China where the ocean sea lies, and passes through Tatars’ lands, until it reaches Ferghana to al-Yotm Mountains extending to as-Send River… then this river goes with al-Mokattam along its course to Iraq where it joins al-Jodi mountain; the stop of Nouh’s Arc after the flood. Then it continues until it passes with Aleppo, then Homs, then Lebanon, and then extends to the Levant until it ends at the Red Sea from one side and connects from the other side; and here it is called al-Mokattam. Then it goes into branches, and the ends of those branches connect to the end of the west. It is said that it was known as Mokattam ibn Masr ibn Baisar ibn Ham ibn Nouh; peace be upon him.

Al-Maqrizi continues saying that al-Mokattam Mountain passes along the sides of the Nile reaching to Nubia and passes through al-Fayoum connecting to the west to Maqrawa land then it continues westwards to Seglmasa, then to the Ocean Sea in a 5-month walking distance!

After this comes what is even more humorously surprising, as al-Maqrizi cites what Ibrahim ibn Waseef Shah said: (He mentioned the arrival of Misraim ibn Baisar ibn Ham ibn Nouh to the land of Egypt): the companions of Eklimon the priest revealed Egypt’s treasures and sciences, written in al-Barabi calligraphy, and its monuments, minerals of gold, topaz, turquoise to the rest of that. They also described the art of Chemistry to them. And so, Misraim assigned this task to a man of his folks called Mokaitam the sage. This man used to practice Chemistry in the eastern mountain, and so it was named al-Mokattam after him. It was abridged to al-Mokattam Mountain; meaning the mountain of Mokaitam the sage.

Translated into English by: Dalia Elnaggar

This article was published in Al Ahram newspaper on May 23, 2019.

To see the original article, go to:

#ahmad_ahmed_elgammal #al_ahram #Egypt #mokattam


[1] It will be defined later in the article.
[2] Transliteration of the plural form of al-Yahmoum in Arabic

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